Learning English Online Free: tháng 1 2015

Thứ Năm, 29 tháng 1, 2015

Feelings and Emotions Vocabulary and Sentences

Every morning, Sam is so enthusiastic to begin his day that he jumps out of bed and begins to sing.

His mother became worried when she didn't hear from him for two days.

David is quite shy so he doesn't like talking to people he doesn't know.

A year after being fired from his job, Alan is still very bitter. He has a lot of resentment towards his former boss.

Even though I am accustomed to traveling for business, I still get homesick if I am away from my home for more than a week.

Katie feels threatened every time her boyfriend talks to another girl. She thinks that every girl wants to steal him.

In the U.S., Thanksgiving is a holiday in which people give thanks for the blessings they have. Before the Thanksgiving meal, family members will say what they are thankful for.

I am absolutely furious!! I cannot believe that my dog chewed my favorite shoes. Now they're ruined!

Cats are so curious that they often get into trouble. Once, my cat fell into the bath tub because she wanted to know what was inside!

When Dave found out that the plumber charged him double the normal amount to fix his toilet, he felt cheated.

After his grandmother passed away, Ken was so grief-stricken he couldn't get out of bed.

When Emily has a lot of work to do and feels stressed, she becomes very tense and cannot relax.

Our friend Lily makes us feel left out when she has a party but doesn't invite us.

Even in hard times when I don't have a lot of money, I stay hopeful and believe that next month will be better.

My aunts enjoy inviting me to their romance book club. I always feel trapped because I don't want to hurt their feelings by saying no, but I also don't want to go and listen to sixty-year old women talk about romance.

As a teenager, Alexandra liked to be rebellious and defy her parents. She used to sneak out of the house after her parents fell asleep to go to parties.

When I see that puzzled look on your face, I know that you didn't understand my question.

Mr. and Mrs. Porter are very cautious about answering their door. If they are not expecting a visitor, they won't open the door.

Wow! I'm really impressed that Ashley can speak 7 languages, whereas I only speak one!

Ugh! I don't have anything to do. I'm so bored!!

It's difficult to not become discouraged while looking for a job, especially when you hand out your resume to employers and no one calls you.

After Kylie had her heart broken by her ex-boyfriend, she felt so down and blue. I tried to cheer her up, but she just wants to be sad for awhile.

In many countries, American-style business tactics are perceived as too aggressive.
American businessmen don't want to waste time talking about anything that doesn't pertain to business. In Asia, for example, a slower, more personal approach to doing business is preferred.

Affectionate children always want to be held in their parents' arms and receive lots of hugs and kisses.

He felt invincible and was sure that nobody would beat him.

When I found out that Santa Claus wasn't real, I was so disappointed that all of the presents really came from my parents and not the North Pole.

Craig felt uncertain as to whether he should accept the attractive job offer or keep his current, less glamorous job. He just wasn't sure what to do.

Grandpa was very proud of me when I got a promotion at work. He took me out to dinner to celebrate.

When Eve handed Adam a shiny, red apple, he felt tempted to taste the delicious-looking fruit.

Kelly is so indecisive that she couldn't make a decision if her life depended on it!

I'm a little doubtful about whether to get married or not.

The cowardly dog refused to leave his hiding spot underneath the bed to help his owner investigate the strange sound outside.

We are delighted that you will be coming to visit us. It will be so nice to have you here.

The actors were humiliated by the newspaper critic's review of their new movie. The respected critic said the film was as pleasant as week-old garbage rotting in the sun.

After waiting in line for an hour at the bank, the woman grew impatient and left.

Ebenezer Scrooge was a stingy old miser who never shared his wealth with anyone.

The stubborn employee refused to accept that he made a mistake. He kept insisting that he wasn't wrong.

Patrick felt quite awkward going to his ex-girlfriend's wedding. He thought maybe shouldn't go since it could be uncomfortable to see her again.

My mother came home exhausted after working a 12-hour shift at the hospital. She went straight to bed.

Carrie didn't feel satisfied with the report she wrote. It needed to be perfect to present it to her boss, and it was still missing quite a few details.

Her husband is so moody that she never knows if he will be happy or angry when she gets home from work.

I am anxious to hear back about the job interview I had on Friday. I hope I get the job!

After his wife left him, he was so miserable that he stopped shaving, gained 20 kilos, and didn't leave the house for weeks at a time.

It's said that children without siblings grow up to be selfish adults because they never learn to share with others.

They were shocked to learn that their beloved neighbor, Miss Ann, had stolen their car. She was such a sweet, 90-year old lady.

Jamie was in a bar with his friends one night when he saw a beautiful girl. He felt confident that night so he went to go talk to her. Unfortunately, he returned to his friends within minutes feeling rejected after she refused to talk to him. Poor Jamie.

Walking to the bank to deposit money makes me very uneasy. I'm always scared someone is going to rob me.

Nothing makes me more upset than when I fail my exams. I feel depressed the rest of the day.

Many times, co-workers feel burdened with the task of covering the mistakes of their irresponsible colleagues.

In case of an emergency, stay calm and move toward the exits.

Once, I got a horrible haircut that left me looking I got electrocuted. For months, I felt self-conscious about going outside my house. I swear everyone was laughing at me.

I don't feel energetic right now, if fact I feel quite lazy and I don't want to do anything.

Maggie is a fearless friend of mine. She will try anything once, no matter how dangerous the activity is.

Although the storm destroyed many of the buildings along the shore, we feel fortunate that our house didn't suffer any damage.

I'm concerned about Gregory. He has been very withdrawn from the rest of the world ever since he lost his job.

Allison broke up with her boyfriend because of his jealous behavior. He never let her talk to other men and always screened her calls.

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Thứ Tư, 28 tháng 1, 2015

Past Continuous Tense Explanations and Examples

Past Continuous Tense is one of the most popular tenses in English Language Teaching...

FORM

[was/were + present participle]

Examples:

You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.

Complete List of Past Continuous Forms

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.
I started eating at 6 PM.
Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner.

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?
Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.

Example:

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Tense, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

I was studying when she called.
While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.

Examples:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct
Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You were just studying when she called.
Were you just studying when she called?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. Active
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. Passive

Thứ Hai, 26 tháng 1, 2015

Learn English with Songs and Lyrics - Phil Colins / In the Air Tonight

Listening to songs with lyrics is a great way to learn and practice English. Listening popular songs may be helpful but the key point here is to repeat the lyrics... So, join the fun! Now! :)

"In The Air Tonight"

I can feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord
And I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, Oh Lord
Can you feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord, oh Lord

Well, if you told me you were drowning
I would not lend a hand
I've seen your face before my friend
But I don't know if you know who I am
Well, I was there and I saw what you did
I saw it with my own two eyes
So you can wipe off that grin,
I know where you've been
It's all been a pack of lies

And I can feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord
Well, I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord
I can feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord, oh Lord
And I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord, oh Lord

Well I remember, I remember don't worry
How could I ever forget,
It's the first time, the last time we ever met
But I know the reason why you keep your silence up,
No you don't fool me
The hurt doesn't show
But the pain still grows
It's no stranger to you and me

And I can feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord
Well, I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord
I can feel it in the air tonight, oh Lord, oh Lord
But I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord
I can feel it coming in the air tonight, oh Lord
But I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord
I can feel it in the air tonight, oh Lord, oh Lord, oh Lord
But I've been waiting for this moment for all my life, oh Lord, oh Lord.

A Complete List of Phrasal Verbs in English

Phrasal Verbs is frequently used in daily English speech and they are often considered as "difficult" to learn by English learners or students. I think the best way to learn Phrasal Verbs is study them everyday and use them in meaningful context in every chance.

Take a careful look at the list and let me know if it is useful for you. Thanks and have a nice day!

PHRASAL VERBS LIST IN ENGLISH!

Chủ Nhật, 25 tháng 1, 2015

Weeks 23 & 24: Snow

Spring semester started last week, even though spring seems to be far, far away. It's been snowing on and off for days now, with temperatures below freezing. It looks nice and peaceful now, but more snow is forecast for the beginning of next week as well as a "historic" blizzard, so as I can see on the news, people are stocking up on food and other supplies.

Again, the first week of the semester was reserved for observing classes and selecting the ones that are most relevant for us. My choices are Learning Design Studio, which "examines a range of skills, processes and theories for designing and developing interactive educational materials" and Disruptive Technologies with the focus "on the application of social theory to emerging and disruptive technologies in teaching and learning".

At the beginning of the semester I had a fantastic opportunity to listen to and meet in person Dr. George Siemens and Dr. Dragan Gasevic, who is originally from Serbia but lives in Canada. Their talk on The Future of Learning and the Tools That Will Support It was inspirational and uplifting and it can be found here: The Future of Learning and ProSolo.

Just like the fall semester, the spring semester started with a nice lunch at the Nittany Lion Inn and a game - but this time it was basketball, not football.

Just like in the fall semester, now again there are lots of readings for the classes and there are also lots of different books that I want to read and have already borrowed from the huge PSU Library. So as I was reading Designing for User Engagement on the Web: Ten Basic Principles, I stumbled upon my name and my wiki project Greetings from the world as a recommendation for further exploration! What the authors think it could be worth exploring is whether I have designed my wiki for a specific context or for diverse users! Are these two consistent with one another and if not how they can be reconciled? That's an interesting perspective and perhaps I might look into it one day, but right now it just feels great to be on the Index Page together with Christensen, Hofstede, Rheingold and other guys whose papers I've been reading for my classes at Penn State. And BTW, I finally wrote a piece about Coursera Kids.

Thứ Bảy, 24 tháng 1, 2015

Christianity Terms and Vocabulary List in English

Some friends asked me about Christian and Islamic terms and vocabulary list. So, I tried to put together a list for those.

ABBA:  Aramaic term for "father" used by Jesus in addressing God. A personal, intimate, friendly, loving term. Denoting the relationship of the believer to Father God.

ATONEMENT doctrine of how humans are forgiven, redeemed, and reconciled to God through the death of Christ.

AUGUSTINE: leading theologian (354-430) in the early Christian church. Bishop of Hippo.

BAPTISM: initiation ritual, commanded by Christ. Initiation into the Christian church, through the washing of water; either through immersion or sprinkling.

CHRIST.  Greek title meaning "anointed one" from the Hebrew meaning "messiah." Applied to Jesus of Nazareth by his followers.

CHRISTOLOGY: doctrine about the nature and role of Christ.

CHURCH: Ecclesia those who are call out from the world. Know as the living body of Christ in the world.

CONSTANTINE: Roman emperor who legalized and promoted Christianity.

ESCHATOLOGY:  doctrine about the last things: the end of the world, judgment day, consummation of God's plan.

GNOSTICISM: movements in the Hellenistic world that emphasized a special secret knowledge about God and world. Usually identified created matter as evil. The world was created by a demi-god, not the pure God of light.

INCARNATION: Belief that God became incarnate - came "down" from heaven, in the form of the person known as Jesus. Fully God and fully man.

LAST SUPPER/LORD'S SUPPER a.k.a. Eucharist (showing forth), Holy Communion, Mass. Ritual observance to commemorate the atoning death of Jesus Christ. Elements - those things ingested in the ceremony: Bread represents body, wine represents blood.

MESSIAH: End-time kind, descended from King David, expected to redeem Israel, whom Christians identified as Jesus.

MILLENNIALISM:  Belief in a 1,000 year rule of grace, instituted by God, through Jesus. Will come near to the end times. Pre-millennial and Post-millennial ideas. Pre-millennialism: Christ will return after drastically deteriorating human history, and establish the kingdom, reign for 1,000, evil will return and then the end of the world and Judgment Day.   Post-millennialism: There will be a time of great peace, issued in by Christians, and then Christ will return, reign, and then the end of the world and Judgment Day.

OLD TESTAMENT:  Christian designation for the Hebrew scriptures.

ORTHODOX CHURCH:  term referring to the historic Eastern Christian churches, including the Greek, Russian, Armenian and other traditions.

PARABLE:  Stories told by Jesus. Jesus used everyday events as themes for stories with a spiritual underlying meaning. Definition "Earthly story with a heavenly meaning."

PLAN OF SALVATION:  Christian idea of God's design for the salvation of the world foretold through prophets and accomplished through Jesus Christ.

PROTESTANTISM: Broad designation of Christianity for the main churches of the Reformation.

REFORMATION:  Reform movements in the Christian church, especially the reform of the European church through Luther and Calvin.

RESURRECTION Rising from the dead; Christ's resurrection as the first fruits of the resurrection of all, in Christian belief.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH:  the historic Western church, as it has continued under the leadership of the pope, the bishop of Rome.

SACRAMENT: Derived from the Latin oath of allegiance - Sacramentum. Describes rites instituted by Jesus. Signifies "an outward and visible form of an inward and spiritual grace."

THEOLOGY thinking about God and God's work.

TRINITY: Christian doctrine that God is revealed in three "persons" - Father, Son and Holy Spirit

Islamic Vocabulary and Terms List in English

Some friends asked me about Christian and Islamic terms and vocabulary list. So, I tried to put together a list for those.

'adab	(n) Islamic manners and behavior
'aqidah:	(n) belief or creed
'adl	(n) 1). Justice; 2). righteous conduct
ahad	(a) singular; a hadith whose narrators do not reach anywhere near the number for the mutawatir(continuous) hadith.
Ahkâm :	"Orders". According to Islamic Law, there are five kinds of orders : 1. Compulsory (Wajib) 2. Order without obligation (Mustahab) 3. Forbidden (Muharram) 4. Disliked but not forbidden (Makruh) 5. Legal and allowed (Halâl)
Al – Quthum	Allah’s Messenger (saas), the best of creation, one who has all good virtues and characteristics gathered together in him
Akhirah	the Hereafter; the life beyond this transitory one
Bid'ah:	Innovation in the creed or in acts of worship
Dabt:	(n) strong retentive memory; a necessary characteristic of the transmitters of Traditions
Da’if	(a) weak; a characterization of hadith in which there is some defect either in the chain of transmission or in perfect agreement with beliefs and practices
Fitnah:	(n) temptation, discord, civil war, trial
Fitra:	nature of humans as created by humans as created by Allah(swt)
Hadith	(pl: ahadith): the recorded teachings, sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (saas) which explain and interpret the Qur’anic verses and Message of Islam
Hadiyyah:	(n) gift
Hajj:	(n) the pilgrimmage to Makkah; one of the Five Pillars of Islam
Hasan	(a) the Good; a categorization of hadith similar to sahih except that some of its narrators are found to have defective memories in comparison to sahih narrators
Hasad:	envy
Haya:	an attitude and behavior in which all indecency is avoided, therefore acting as a preventive measure against numberous sins; as such it serves to strengthen faith
Hijrah:	(n) emigration; the hijrah to Madinah from Makkah took place in 622 a.d.
Hikmah	(n) 1). Wisdom; 2). The Wisdom, the Qur’anic term for the Sunnah of Rasullah (saas)
Hilm:	Self- restraint
Hukm/ahkam	(n) a legal judgement, an ordinance, a decree; a verdict
Ibadat:	(n) acts of workship; a comprehensive word comprising deeds and words that Allah loves and is pleased with whether manifested or hidden; There are two conditions of Ibadah: 1. Sincerity to Allah, 2. Submission to Allah's Messenger i.e. to act according to his Sunnah. Some types of Ibadah are the prayers, the obligatory charity,fasting, the pilgrimage, fear of Allah, hope in His Mercy, Seeking His aid. and other acts of worship which Allah has commanded and enjoined.
Ihsân :	The highest level of deeds and worship, (perfection i.e. when you worship Allah or do deeds, consider yourself as if you see Him and if you cannot achieve this feeling or attitude, then you must bear in mind that He sees you).
Ijtihad:	Intellectual effort of Muslim jurists to reach independent religio- legal decisions, a key feature of modern Islamic reform; one who exercises ijtihad is a mujtahid
Ikhlas:	extreme sincerity
‘Ilm:	Knowledge
Isnad:	(n) the chain of transmitter through whom the hadith was transmitted
Isharat:	signs of the Last Day
Jami’:	(n) a comprehensive and inclusive reference book of hadith
Jihad:	(n) striving in the way Allah (swt) 'We are a people of Jihad. Struggling for the cause of Allah (SWT) to bring down barriers of injustice that deprives humanity from realizing their true potential which is to be slaves to Allah (SWT).
Karam:	Generousity
Kibar/kibr:	(n) false pride
Kitab:	(n) 1). Book; 2). The Book of Allah (swt) (Al- Quran)
Khutbah:	(n) sermon
Khalifah:	(n) caliph
Kufr:	(n) denial of the Truth of Allah (swt) disbelief
Manaqib:	(n) virtues, outstanding traits; feats, exploits
Mujahid:	(n) warrior; one who strives through jihad
Matn:	(n) the text and content of hadith
Mawdu:	(a) fabricated; an untue hadith which has been fabricated Muhajir (pl muhajirun): (n) 1). Emigrant 2). One who gives up what Allah has prohibited (Bukhari)
Muhrim	One who assumes the state of Ihram for the purpose of performing the Hajj or 'Umra.
Mursal:	a hadith in which a tabi’I (successor) transmits from Rasullah (saas) directly
Musnad:	(n) collection in which Traditions are arranged according to the names of the Sahabah
Muntaq’I:	a hadith going back to the successor only
Mu’ dal	a hadith in which two continuous links are missing in one or more places from the isnad
Mu’ allaq	a hadith collection, which includes Traditions neglected by earlier compilers
Mustakhraj:	(n) a work in which later scholars revise works of the early major scholars and add to them additional commentaries.
Muttafaqun ‘ alai-hi	(a) agreed upon; any hadith which is tranmitted by Bukahri and Muslim
Mutawtir:	(a) continuous; a hadith reported by a large number of people in different times, to make it impossible for any falsehood to enter it. It is reported by a large number of narrators whose agreement upon a lie is inconceivable. This condition must be met in the entire chaing from origin of the report to the end.
Mu’jam	(n) a type of collection sometimes arranged according to alphabetical order
Qadar	believe that everything — good or bad — happens or takes place according to what Allah has ordained for it. He has created everything in due proportion
Qudsi tradition:	a hadith directly inspired by Allah (swt)
Rahmah:	Mercy for Humans and Animals
Rifq:	kindness
Sabr:	(n) to exercise self-control; will power; control over animal desires; patience; constancy
Sadaqah:	(n) spending voluntarily in the cause of Allah (swt)
Sadaqah jariyah	(n) recurring charity
Sakina:	a divine tranquility that is believed to descend when the Qur’an is recited
Sunnah	(n) 1). A practice, a way, a rule, a precedent; a manner of life; 2). Traditions and practices of the Prophet (saw) used as a complement to the Qur’an in understanding the laws of Allah
Sahih:	(a) the name given to the absolutely correct hadith in which there is no weakness and all the transmitters are proven to have possessed both ‘adl and dabt
Sawm:	(n) fasting
Sirah/siyar:	(n) conduct, deportment, behavior, way of actiing
Shahid:	(n) martyr
Shirk:	Allah in His acts i.e. ascribing partners or setting up rivals to Allah in His rights.There are three types of polytheism: 1). The greater polytheism (Shirk Akbar). 2). The lesser polytheism (Shirk Asghar). 3). The inconspicuous polytheism (Shirk Khafi).
Shirk Akbar	devote any form of worship to other than Allah. Allah will never forgive one who dies upon Shirk,nor accept his good deeds, and he would be cast out from the folds of Islam.There are four types of greater polytheism: 1). The polytheism in invocation i.e. involving supplications to other than Allah. 2). The polytheism in intentions i.e. purpose and intentions not for the sake of Allah but directed towards other deities. 3). The polytheism in obedience i.e. rendering obedience to any authority against the Order of Allah. 4). The potytheism in love i.e showing love to others which is due to Allah Alone.
Shirk Asghar	The lesser polytheism is that means the acts of worship done to gain praise or fame rather than to please Allah, this type of polytheism, however, does not cast the person committing it out of the fold of Islam.
Shirk Khafi	The inconspicuous polytheism implies being dissatisfied with the conditions ordained by Allah.The proof of the above Shirk is the saying of the Prophet “The inconspicuous polytheism is more hidden among this nation than the track of a black ant over a black stone on a dark night” (Musnad Ahmad)
Sirât:	originally means 'a road'; it also means the bridge that will be laid across Hell-Fire for the people to pass over on the Day of Judgement. It is described as sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair. It will have hooks over it to snatch the people
Suffah:	(n) the first Islamic University, established in the mosque of the Prophet (saw)
Tafsir	(n) exegesis or explanation into a subject (such as the Qur’an)
Tabi’I	(n) one who follows; those who succeeded the Sahabah
Taghut	Everything that is worshipped or followed or obeyed other than Allah is Taghut. They are many but their leaders are Five: 1). Satan, may Allah curse him, 2). Anyone who is worshipped with his consent. 3). A person who calls the people to be worshipped instead of Allah. 4). A person who claims the knowledge of Ghaib (unseen, hidden, invisible, absent etc). 5). The ruler who rules by laws other than the law sent down by Allah.
Tarbiyah:	cultivation and education
Tasfiyah:	cleansing and purification
Tauhid	declaring Allah to be the only God who deserves to be worshipped in truth and confirming all attributes with which He has qualified Himself or that are attributed to Him by His Messenger . There are three aspects of Tauhid: 1- Tauhid-ar-Rububiyah. 2- Tauhid-al-Uluhiyah, 3-Tauhid-al-Asma was-Sifat.
Tauhid-ar-Rububiyah	It is declaring Allah to be One and Unique in His work, Iike creation, sustenance, bringing to life and causing death etc.
Tauhid-al-Uluhiyah	It is declaring Allah as the Only God to whom all acts worship must be dedicated such salat (prayers), Zakat, Sawm(fasting), supplications vowing etc.
Tauhid-al-Asma was-Sifat	It is an affirmation of all the Given Names and Attributes of Allah in a manner that suits His Majesty, as mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Taqlid:	Adoption and imitation of traditional legal decisions. Criticized by reform-minded legal thinkers as blind imitation – opposite of ijitihad
Tawadu’	humility
Tawakkul:	Trust in Allah (swt)
Tilawa:	Ritual recitation of the Qur’an
Ulama’	(sing‘alim) (n) those learned in Islam
Ummah	(n) the Muslim community
Wudu’	(n) ablution; a special ritual of washing which precedes the Islamic prayers
Zakah:	(n) the mandatory giving of alms or charity to the poor; it is calculated as two and a half percent of the one’s annual savings; one of the Five Pillars of Islam